An Expulsion Type Lightning Arrester is a protective electrical device used in power distribution and transmission systems to safeguard equipment from high voltage surges caused by lightning strokes and switching operations. It is commonly installed on distribution lines up to 33 kV voltage level. The arrester works on the principle of spark-over and arc extinction […]
Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is one of the most popular electromechanical transducers used for precise measurement of linear displacement. It converts small mechanical movement of a soft iron core into a proportional electrical voltage. Because of its high accuracy, reliability and frictionless operation, the LVDT is widely used in industrial control, automation, aerospace, power
Definition of Solar Lamp A solar lamp (or solar light) is a lighting device that uses solar energy instead of grid electricity. During the day, a solar panel converts sunlight into electrical energy and stores it in a rechargeable battery. At night, an electronic controller supplies this stored energy to a high-efficiency LED lamp, providing
Solar Lamp – Definition, Working, Types, Advantages, Disadvantages & Applications Read More »
Definition A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller is an electronic DC–DC converter used in solar power systems to extract the maximum possible power from photovoltaic (PV) panels and deliver it to batteries or DC loads. Unlike simple PWM controllers that switch the panel directly to the battery voltage, MPPT controllers continuously adjust the
Definition A solar inverter is an electronic device that converts the direct current (DC) generated by photovoltaic (PV) solar panels into alternating current (AC) that can be used by household appliances or exported to the electrical grid. Inverters typically also provide protective functions, system monitoring, and sometimes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to optimize energy
Solar Inverter – Definition, Working, Types, Advantages, Disadvantages & Applications Read More »
Definition House wiring (or residential electrical wiring) refers to the set of conductors, protective devices (circuit breakers/fuses), sockets, switches, light fittings and earthing arrangements installed to distribute electricity within a dwelling. Its primary goals are to provide reliable power and protect people and property from electrical hazards through correct circuit design and protection. Key
A valve type lightning arrester is one of the most widely used protective devices in power systems, particularly in transmission and distribution networks. Its main function is to protect electrical equipment—such as transformers, generators, lines, and substations—from high voltage surges caused by lightning, switching operations, and transient faults. Simply stated: A valve type lightning arrester
Definition Operating Principle Derivation Types Comparison Table Advantages / Disadvantages Applications 1. Definition of Distance Relay A distance relay (or impedance relay) is a protection device used on power transmission lines that estimates the distance to a fault by measuring the apparent impedance between the relay location and the fault point. It measures terminal voltage
The short-circuit (SC) test determines the series equivalent impedance of a transformer (as referred to one side, usually the primary). In the test the transformer’s secondary terminals are shorted and a reduced voltage is applied to the primary so that rated (or required) current flows. Measured quantities are the applied voltage VSC, the input current
Short Circuit Test of Transformer – Derivation & Formulas Read More »
An electromagnetic relay is an electrically operated switch that uses an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switching mechanism. When an electric current flows through the coil of the relay, it generates a magnetic field that attracts a movable armature, thereby opening or closing a set of contacts. This allows one electrical circuit to control another